[PDF] Download Contemporary Adolescent Literature And Culture Full Book

Contemporary Adolescent Literature and Culture

Author : Maria Nikolajeva
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2016-05-13
ISBN 10 : 9781317160991
Pages : 180 pages
Rating : 4.9/5 (16 downloads)

Download Contemporary Adolescent Literature and Culture PDF Format Full by Maria Nikolajeva and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-13 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a wide range of critical perspectives, this volume explores the moral, ideological and literary landscapes in fiction and other cultural productions aimed at young adults. Topics examined are adolescence and the natural world, nationhood and identity, the mapping of sexual awakening onto postcolonial awareness, hybridity and trans-racial romance, transgressive sexuality, the sexually abused adolescent body, music as a code for identity formation, representations of adolescent emotion, and what neuroscience research tells us about young adult readers, writers, and young artists. Throughout, the volume explores the ways writers configure their adolescent protagonists as awkward, alienated, rebellious and unhappy, so that the figure of the young adult becomes a symbol of wider political and societal concerns. Examining in depth significant contemporary novels, including those by Julia Alvarez, Stephenie Meyer, Tamora Pierce, Malorie Blackman and Meg Rosoff, among others, Contemporary Adolescent Literature and Culture illuminates the ways in which the cultural constructions 'adolescent' and 'young adult fiction' share some of society's most painful anxieties and contradictions.

Death, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Adolescent Literature

Author : Kathryn James
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2009-02-10
ISBN 10 : 9781135891190
Pages : 221 pages
Rating : 4.1/5 (891 downloads)

Download Death, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Adolescent Literature PDF Format Full by Kathryn James and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-02-10 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge about carnality and its limits provides the agenda for much of the fiction written for adolescent readers today, yet there exists little critical engagement with the ways in which it has been represented in the young adult novel in either discursive, ideological, or rhetorical forms. Death, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Adolescent Literature is a pioneering study that addresses these methodological and contextual gaps. Focusing on texts produced since the late-1980s, and drawing on a range of theoretical perspectives, Kathryn James shows how representations of death in young adult literature are invariably associated with issues of sexuality, gender, and power. Under particular scrutiny are the trope of woman/death, the eroticizing and sexualizing of death, and the ways in which the gendered subject is represented in dialogue with the processes of death, dying, and grief. Through close readings of historical literature, fantasy fictions, realistic novels, dead-narrator tales, and texts from genres including Gothic, horror, and post-disaster, James reveals not only how cultural discourses influence and are influenced by literary works, but how relevant the study of death is to adolescent fiction--the literature of "becoming."

Irish Children's Literature and Culture

Author : Keith O'Sullivan
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2011-03-17
ISBN 10 : 9781136825101
Pages : 214 pages
Rating : 4.1/5 (825 downloads)

Download Irish Children's Literature and Culture PDF Format Full by Keith O'Sullivan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irish Children’s Literature and Culture looks critically at Irish writing for children from the 1980s to the present, examining the work of many writers and illustrators and engaging with major genres, forms, and issues, including the gothic, the speculative, picturebooks, ethnicity, and globalization. It contextualizes modern Irish children’s literature in relation to Irish mythology and earlier writings, as well as in relation to Irish writing for adults, thereby demonstrating the complexity of this fascinating area. What constitutes a "national literature" is rarely straightforward, and it is especially complex when discussing writing for young people in an Irish context. Until recently, there was only a slight body of work that could be classified as "Irish children’s literature" in comparison with Ireland’s contribution to adult literature in the twentieth century. The contributors to the volume examine a range of texts in relation to contemporary literary and cultural theory, and children’s literature internationally, raising provocative questions about the future of the topic. Irish Children’s Literature and Culture is essential reading for those interested in Irish literature, culture, sociology, childhood, and children’s literature. Valerie Coghlan, Church of Ireland College of Education, Dublin, is a librarian and lecturer. She is a former co-editor of Bookbird: An International Journal of Children's Literature. She has published widely on Irish children's literature and co-edited several books on the topic. She is a former board member of the IRSCL, and a founder member of the Irish Society for the Study of Children's Literature, Children's Books Ireland, and IBBY Ireland. Keith O’Sullivan lectures in English at the Church of Ireland College of Education, Dublin. He is a founder member of the Irish Society for the Study of Children’s Literature, a former member of the board of directors of Children’s Books Ireland, and past chair of the Children’s Books Ireland/Bisto Book of the Year Awards. He has published on the works of Philip Pullman and Emily Brontë.

Death, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Adolescent Literature

Author : Kathryn James
Publisher : Taylor & Francis US
Release Date : 2009
ISBN 10 : 0415964938
Pages : 208 pages
Rating : 4.9/5 (415 downloads)

Download Death, Gender and Sexuality in Contemporary Adolescent Literature PDF Format Full by Kathryn James and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2009 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows how representations of death in young adult literature are invariably associated with issues of sexuality, gender, and power. This book reveals how cultural discourses influence and are influenced by literary works, but how relevant the study of death is to adolescent fiction - the literature of 'becoming'.

Modern Children's Literature

Author : Catherine Butler
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2014-12-12
ISBN 10 : 9781350309005
Pages : 304 pages
Rating : 4.0/5 (39 downloads)

Download Modern Children's Literature PDF Format Full by Catherine Butler and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-12 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An established introductory textbook that provides students with a guide to developments in children's literature over time and across genres. This stimulating collection of critical essays written by a team of subject experts explores key British, American and Australian works, from picture books and texts for younger children, through to graphic novels and young adult fiction. It combines accessible close readings of children's texts with informed examinations of genres, issues and critical contexts, making it an essential practical book for students. This is an ideal core text for dedicated modules on Children's literature which may be offered at the upper levels of an undergraduate literature or education degree. In addition it is a crucial resource for students who may be studying children's literature for the first time as part of a taught postgraduate degree in literature or education. New to this Edition: - Revised and updated throughout in light of recent children's books and the latest research - Includes new coverage of key topics such as canon formation, fantasy and technology - Features an essay on children's poetry by the former Children's Laureate, Michael Rosen

Second-Generation Memory and Contemporary Children’s Literature

Author : Anastasia Ulanowicz
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2013-09-02
ISBN 10 : 9781136156205
Pages : 248 pages
Rating : 4.2/5 (156 downloads)

Download Second-Generation Memory and Contemporary Children’s Literature PDF Format Full by Anastasia Ulanowicz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-02 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Children’s Literature Association Book Award This book visits a range of textual forms including diary, novel, and picturebook to explore the relationship between second-generation memory and contemporary children’s literature. Ulanowicz argues that second-generation memory — informed by intimate family relationships, textual mediation, and technology — is characterized by vicarious, rather than direct, experience of the past. As such, children’s literature is particularly well-suited to the representation of second-generation memory, insofar as children’s fiction is particularly invested in the transmission and reproduction of cultural memory, and its form promotes the formation of various complex intergenerational relationships. Further, children’s books that depict second-generation memory have the potential to challenge conventional Western notions of selfhood and ethics. This study shows how novels such as Lois Lowry’s The Giver (1993) and Judy Blume’s Starring Sally J Freedman as Herself (1977) — both of which feature protagonists who adapt their elders’ memories into their own mnemonic repertoires — implicitly reject Cartesian notions of the unified subject in favor of a view of identity as always-already social, relational, and dynamic in character. This book not only questions how and why second-generation memory is represented in books for young people, but whether such representations of memory might be considered 'radical' or 'conservative'. Together, these analyses address a topic that has not been explored fully within the fields of children’s literature, trauma and memory studies, and Holocaust studies.

Twenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children's and Adolescent Literature

Author : Roberta Seelinger Trites
Publisher : Univ. Press of Mississippi
Release Date : 2018-01-17
ISBN 10 : 9781496813831
Pages : 246 pages
Rating : 4.8/5 (813 downloads)

Download Twenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children's and Adolescent Literature PDF Format Full by Roberta Seelinger Trites and published by Univ. Press of Mississippi. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over twenty years after the publication of her groundbreaking work, Waking Sleeping Beauty: Feminist Voices in Children's Novels, Roberta Seelinger Trites returns to analyze how literature for the young still provides one outlet in which feminists can offer girls an alternative to sexism. Supplementing her previous work in the linguistic turn, Trites employs methodologies from the material turn to demonstrate how feminist thinking has influenced literature for the young in the last two decades. She interrogates how material feminism can expand our understanding of maturation and gender--especially girlhood--as represented in narratives for preadolescents and adolescents. Twenty-First-Century Feminisms in Children's and Adolescent Literature applies principles behind material feminisms, such as ecofeminism, intersectionality, and the ethics of care, to analyze important feminist thinking that permeates twenty-first-century publishing for youth. The structure moves from examinations of the individual to examinations of the individual in social, environmental, and interpersonal contexts. The book deploys ecofeminism and the posthuman to investigate how embodied individuals interact with the environment and via the extension of feministic ethics how people interact with each other romantically and sexually. Throughout the book, Trites explores issues of identity, gender, race, class, age, and sexuality in a wide range of literature for young readers, such as Kate DiCamillo's Flora and Ulysses, Jacqueline Woodson's Brown Girl Dreaming, and Rainbow Rowell's Eleanor & Park. She demonstrates how shifting cultural perceptions of feminism affect what is happening both in publishing for the young and in the academic study of literature for children and adolescents.

The Making of Modern Children's Literature in Britain

Author : Lucy Pearson
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2016-03-03
ISBN 10 : 9781317024767
Pages : 228 pages
Rating : 4.7/5 (24 downloads)

Download The Making of Modern Children's Literature in Britain PDF Format Full by Lucy Pearson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lucy Pearson’s lively and engaging book examines British children’s literature during the period widely regarded as a ’second golden age’. Drawing extensively on archival material, Pearson investigates the practical and ideological factors that shaped ideas of ’good’ children’s literature in Britain, with particular attention to children’s book publishing. Pearson begins with a critical overview of the discourse surrounding children’s literature during the 1960s and 1970s, summarizing the main critical debates in the context of the broader social conversation that took place around children and childhood. The contributions of publishing houses, large and small, to changing ideas about children’s literature become apparent as Pearson explores the careers of two enormously influential children’s editors: Kaye Webb of Puffin Books and Aidan Chambers of Topliner Macmillan. Brilliant as an innovator of highly successful marketing strategies, Webb played a key role in defining what were, in her words, ’the best in children’s books’, while Chambers’ work as an editor and critic illustrates the pioneering nature of children's publishing during this period. Pearson shows that social investment was a central factor in the formation of this golden age, and identifies its legacies in the modern publishing industry, both positive and negative.

ChicaNerds in Chicana Young Adult Literature

Author : Cristina Herrera
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2020-06-24
ISBN 10 : 9781000091946
Pages : 164 pages
Rating : 4.9/5 (91 downloads)

Download ChicaNerds in Chicana Young Adult Literature PDF Format Full by Cristina Herrera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-06-24 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ChicaNerds in Chicana Young Adult Literature analyzes novels by the acclaimed Chicana YA writers Jo Ann Yolanda Hernández, Isabel Quintero, Ashley Hope Pérez, Erika Sánchez, Guadalupe García McCall, and Patricia Santana. Combining the term "Chicana" with "nerd," Dr. Herrera coins the term "ChicaNerd" to argue how the young women protagonists in these novels voice astute observations of their identities as nonwhite teenagers, specifically through a lens of nerdiness—a reclamation of brown girl self-love for being a nerd. In analyzing these ChicaNerds, the volume examines the reclamation and powerful acceptance of one’s nerdy Chicana self. While popular culture and mainstream media have shaped the well-known figure of the nerd as synonymous with white maleness, Chicana YA literature subverts the nerd stereotype through its negation of this identity as always white and male. These ChicaNerds unite their burgeoning sociopolitical consciousness as young nonwhite girls with their "nerdy" traits of bookishness, math and literary intelligence, poetic talents, and love of learning. Combining the sociopolitical consciousness of Chicanisma with one aligned to the well-known image of the "nerd," ChicaNerds learn to navigate the many complicated layers of coming to an empowered declaration of themselves as smart Chicanas.

Postfeminism and Contemporary Vampire Romance

Author : Lea Gerhards
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2022-05-19
ISBN 10 : 9781350215665
Pages : 288 pages
Rating : 4.6/5 (215 downloads)

Download Postfeminism and Contemporary Vampire Romance PDF Format Full by Lea Gerhards and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Lea Gerhards traces connections between three recent vampire romance series; the Twilight film series (2008-2012), The Vampire Diaries (2009-2017) and True Blood (2008-2014), exploring their tremendous discursive and ideological power in order to understand the cultural politics of these extremely popular texts. She uses contemporary vampire romance to examine postfeminist ideologies and discuss gender, sexuality, subjectivity, agency and the body. Discussing a range of conflicting meanings contained in the narratives, Gerhards critically looks genre's engagement with everyday sexism and violence against women, power relations in heterosexual relationships, sexual autonomy and pleasure, (self-) empowerment, and (self-) surveillance. She asks: Why are these genre texts so popular right now, what specific desires, issues and fears are addressed and negotiated by them, and what kinds of pleasures do they offer?

Textual Transformations in Children's Literature

Author : Benjamin Lefebvre
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2013-01-04
ISBN 10 : 9781136227172
Pages : 229 pages
Rating : 4.1/5 (227 downloads)

Download Textual Transformations in Children's Literature PDF Format Full by Benjamin Lefebvre and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new critical approaches for the study of adaptations, abridgments, translations, parodies, and mash-ups that occur internationally in contemporary children’s culture. It follows recent shifts in adaptation studies that call for a move beyond fidelity criticism, a paradigm that measures the success of an adaptation by the level of fidelity to the "original" text, toward a methodology that considers the adaptation to be always already in conversation with the adapted text. This book visits children’s literature and culture in order to consider the generic, pedagogical, and ideological underpinnings that drive both the process and the product. Focusing on novels as well as folktales, films, graphic novels, and anime, the authors consider the challenges inherent in transforming the work of authors such as William Shakespeare, Charles Perrault, L.M. Montgomery, Laura Ingalls Wilder, and A.A. Milne into new forms that are palatable for later audiences particularly when—for perceived ideological or political reasons—the textual transformation is not only unavoidable but entirely necessary. Contributors consider the challenges inherent in transforming stories and characters from one type of text to another, across genres, languages, and time, offering a range of new models that will inform future scholarship.

Colonial India in Children’s Literature

Author : Supriya Goswami
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2012-07-26
ISBN 10 : 9781136281433
Pages : 198 pages
Rating : 4.4/5 (281 downloads)

Download Colonial India in Children’s Literature PDF Format Full by Supriya Goswami and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonial India in Children’s Literature is the first book-length study to explore the intersections of children’s literature and defining historical moments in colonial India. Engaging with important theoretical and critical literature that deals with colonialism, hegemony, and marginalization in children's literature, Goswami proposes that British, Anglo-Indian, and Bengali children’s literature respond to five key historical events: the missionary debates preceding the Charter Act of 1813, the defeat of Tipu Sultan, the Mutiny of 1857, the birth of Indian nationalism, and the Swadeshi movement resulting from the Partition of Bengal in 1905. Through a study of works by Mary Sherwood (1775-1851), Barbara Hofland (1770-1844), Sara Jeanette Duncan (1861-1922), Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936), Upendrakishore Ray (1863-1915), and Sukumar Ray (1887-1923), Goswami examines how children’s literature negotiates and represents these momentous historical forces that unsettled Britain’s imperial ambitions in India. Goswami argues that nineteenth-century British and Anglo-Indian children’s texts reflect two distinct moods in Britain’s colonial enterprise in India. Sherwood and Hofland (writing before 1857) use the tropes of conversion and captivity as a means of awakening children to the dangers of India, whereas Duncan and Kipling shift the emphasis to martial prowess, adaptability, and empirical knowledge as defining qualities in British and Anglo-Indian children. Furthermore, Goswami’s analysis of early nineteenth-century children’s texts written by women authors redresses the preoccupation with male authors and boys’ adventure stories that have largely informed discussions of juvenility in the context of colonial India. This groundbreaking book also seeks to open up the canon by examining early twentieth-century Bengali children’s texts that not only draw literary inspiration from nineteenth-century British children’s literature, but whose themes are equally shaped by empire.

Landscape in Children's Literature

Author : Jane Suzanne Carroll
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2012-08-06
ISBN 10 : 9781136321177
Pages : 260 pages
Rating : 4.1/5 (321 downloads)

Download Landscape in Children's Literature PDF Format Full by Jane Suzanne Carroll and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a new critical methodology for the study of landscapes in children's literature. Treating landscape as the integration of unchanging and irreducible physical elements, or topoi, Carroll identifies and analyses four kinds of space — sacred spaces, green spaces, roadways, and lapsed spaces — that are the component elements of the physical environments of canonical British children’s fantasy. Using Susan Cooper's The Dark Is Rising Sequence as the test-case for this methodology, the book traces the development of the physical features and symbolic functions of landscape topoi from their earliest inception in medieval vernacular texts through to contemporary children's literature. The identification and analysis of landscape topoi synthesizes recent theories about interstitial space together with earlier morphological and topoanalytical studies, enabling the study of fictional landscapes in terms of their physical characteristics as well as in terms of their relationship with contemporary texts and historical precedents. Ultimately, by providing topoanalytical studies of other children’s texts, Carroll proposes topoanalysis as a rich critical method for the study and understanding of children’s literature and indicates how the findings of this approach may be expanded upon. In offering both transferable methodologies and detailed case-studies, this book outlines a new approach to literary landscapes as geographical places within socio-historical contexts.

The Nation in Children's Literature

Author : Kit Kelen
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2013-02-11
ISBN 10 : 9781136248948
Pages : 282 pages
Rating : 4.9/5 (248 downloads)

Download The Nation in Children's Literature PDF Format Full by Kit Kelen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the meaning of nation or nationalism in children’s literature and how it constructs and represents different national experiences. The contributors discuss diverse aspects of children’s literature and film from interdisciplinary and multicultural approaches, ranging from the short story and novel to science fiction and fantasy from a range of locations including Canada, Australia, Taiwan, Norway, America, Italy, Great Britain, Iceland, Africa, Japan, South Korea, India, Sweden and Greece. The emergence of modern nation-states can be seen as coinciding with the historical rise of children’s literature, while stateless or diasporic nations have frequently formulated their national consciousness and experience through children’s literature, both instructing children as future citizens and highlighting how ideas of childhood inform the discourses of nation and citizenship. Because nation and childhood are so intimately connected, it is crucial for critics and scholars to shed light on how children’s literatures have constructed and represented historically different national experiences. At the same time, given the massive political and demographic changes in the world since the nineteenth century and the formation of nation states, it is also crucial to evaluate how the national has been challenged by changing national languages through globalization, international commerce, and the rise of English. This book discusses how the idea of childhood pervades the rhetoric of nation and citizenship, and how children and childhood are represented across the globe through literature and film.

The Victorian Era in Twenty-First Century Children’s and Adolescent Literature and Culture

Author : Sara K. Day
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2018-01-19
ISBN 10 : 9781351376273
Pages : 252 pages
Rating : 4.2/5 (376 downloads)

Download The Victorian Era in Twenty-First Century Children’s and Adolescent Literature and Culture PDF Format Full by Sara K. Day and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victorian literature for audiences of all ages provides a broad foundation upon which to explore complex and evolving ideas about young people. In turn, this collection argues, contemporary works for young people that draw on Victorian literature and culture ultimately reflect our own disruptions and upheavals, particularly as they relate to child and adolescent readers and our experiences of them. The essays therein suggest that we struggle now, as the Victorians did then, to assert a cohesive understanding of young readers, and that this lack of cohesion is a result of or a parallel to the disruptions taking place on a larger (even global) scale.

The Victorian Period in Twenty-First Century Children’s and Adolescent Literature and Culture

Author : Sara K. Day
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2018-01-19
ISBN 10 : 9781351376266
Pages : 287 pages
Rating : 4.2/5 (376 downloads)

Download The Victorian Period in Twenty-First Century Children’s and Adolescent Literature and Culture PDF Format Full by Sara K. Day and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-01-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Victorian literature for audiences of all ages provides a broad foundation upon which to explore complex and evolving ideas about young people. In turn, this collection argues, contemporary works for young people that draw on Victorian literature and culture ultimately reflect our own disruptions and upheavals, particularly as they relate to child and adolescent readers and our experiences of them. The essays therein suggest that we struggle now, as the Victorians did then, to assert a cohesive understanding of young readers, and that this lack of cohesion is a result of or a parallel to the disruptions taking place on a larger (even global) scale.

The Myth of Persephone in Girls' Fantasy Literature

Author : Holly Blackford
Publisher : Routledge
Release Date : 2012-04-23
ISBN 10 : 9781136644283
Pages : 251 pages
Rating : 4.2/5 (644 downloads)

Download The Myth of Persephone in Girls' Fantasy Literature PDF Format Full by Holly Blackford and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Blackford historicizes the appeal of the Persephone myth in the nineteenth century and traces figurations of Persephone, Demeter, and Hades throughout girls’ literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. She illuminates developmental patterns and anxieties in E. T. A. Hoffmann’s Nutcracker and Mouse King, Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women, Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights, J. M. Barrie’s Peter and Wendy, Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden, E. B. White’s Charlotte’s Web, J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight, and Neil Gaiman’s Coraline. The story of the young goddess’s separation from her mother and abduction into the underworld is, at root, an expression of ambivalence about female development, expressed in the various Neverlands through which female protagonists cycle and negotiate a partial return to earth. The myth conveys the role of female development in the perpetuation and renewal of humankind, coordinating natural and cultural orders through a hieros gamos (fertility coupling) rite. Meanwhile, popular novels such as Twilight and Coraline are paradoxically fresh because they recycle goddesses from myths as old as the seasons. With this book, Blackford offers a consideration of how literature for the young squares with broader canons, how classics flexibly and uniquely speak through novels that enjoy broad appeal, and how female traditions are embedded in novels by both men and women.